Your car battery does more than just kickstart your engine. It’s a rechargeable power source that sends voltage to the starter and keeps all your car’s electronics, like headlights, running smoothly.
But here’s the kicker:
Not all car batteries are the same. From old-school flooded types to fancy AGM and EFB models, there’s a whole lineup under the hood you probably didn’t know about.
In this guide, we’ll break down the different car battery types, what makes each one unique, and how to deal with automotive battery problems before they ruin your day.
This Article Contains
- What Are the Common Car Battery Types?
- How to Choose the Right Battery for Your Vehicle
- 6 Solid Tips for Buying Car Batteries
- How Often Should You Change Your Car Battery?
- How to Extend the Lifespan of Your Car Battery
- 3 FAQs on Car Battery
What Are the Common Car Battery Types?
Here are the nine types of car batteries available in the market:
1. Flooded Lead-Acid Battery (Wet Cell)
Due to its affordability, the flooded lead-acid battery is the oldest and most commonly used in cars. Also called the starting, lighting, and ignition battery (SLI battery), it powers essential electrical components, like headlights and the ignition system.
These traditional lead-acid batteries or starter batteries are designed for short bursts of high current and recharge on their own while you drive.
What’s inside these batteries?
The flooded battery is a wet-cell battery made up of six cells filled with a liquid electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid and water. At full charge, this mixture supplies a voltage of 12.6V.
However, you should top off the electrolyte solution regularly and install it securely to prevent spillage. The wet-cell battery also experiences a substantial reduction in battery life if it discharges below 50% of its depth of discharge (DoD).
NOTE: DoD refers to the percentage of charge used up out of the total capacity of the battery.
2. Sealed Lead-Acid Battery
This battery is also known as a valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery. Like a flooded lead-acid battery, it’s a rechargeable battery that consists of a lead plate and sulfuric acid to generate electricity through a chemical reaction.
Unlike the wet cell batteries, the liquid electrolytes are absorbed in a glass fiber mat or suspended in a silica gel. This prevents the electrolytes from leaking even if the battery is turned upside down.
It also has a one-way valve that safely releases gas buildup, making it a safer and more convenient choice for many drivers.
3. Silver Calcium Battery
This battery type improves on the flooded battery technology. It’s still an SLI battery with an electrolyte solution, but it uses lead-calcium-silver plates instead of the traditional lead-antimony ones.
How does the design help?
It reduces internal corrosion and makes the battery maintenance-free. It also performs better in high-temperature environments, giving it a longer lifespan in hotter climates than standard flooded batteries.
However, the silver calcium battery needs a higher charging voltage and can deteriorate quickly from sulfation (damage to the battery plates).
4. Enhanced Flooded Battery (EFB)
An enhanced flooded battery is an advanced version of a standard lead-acid car battery, built primarily for vehicles with start-stop systems.
The EFB battery is an optimized wet-cell battery. It uses a liquid electrolyte solution similar to an SLI, but is a sealed battery like an SLA. This helps the battery withstand twice the cycling endurance. For instance, the EFB battery can deliver about 85,000 engine cranks— nearly three times more than a conventional flooded battery, which typically provides about 30,000.
NOTE: While not as advanced as an AGM battery, it’s a more durable, low-maintenance option for cars with simple stop-start technology.
5. Gel Cell Battery (Dry Cell)
Gel cell batteries are a type of VRLA battery, often called dry cells because they’re completely sealed and spill-proof.
The gel battery is similar to a flooded battery, but has a few key differences. Calcium replaces antimony in the lead plates, and silica is added to the electrolyte, turning the liquid into a thick, gel-like substance. This allows increased cycle life and resistance to vibration and shock.
You can still find gel batteries in the market, but advancements in AGM batteries have limited their applications.
6. Absorbent Glass Mat Battery (AGM)
The AGM is a high-performance VRLA battery designed for modern vehicles with high electrical demands, such as automatic start-stop systems and regenerative braking.
It’s similar to a wet-cell battery, but a fiberglass separator (a “glass mat”) absorbs the electrolyte solution and keeps it in place.
The benefit?
This battery type outperforms both flooded and gel cell types. It charges up to five times faster, offers up to three times the cycle life, and can safely discharge down to 80% of its depth of discharge (amount of energy used).
However, these starter batteries can cost 40-100% more than conventional batteries.
7. Deep Cycle Battery
A deep-cycle battery is made for slow, sustained discharge over extended periods rather than short bursts of energy.
Available in both flooded and sealed (VRLA) versions, these batteries feature thicker lead plates and denser active material, allowing them to handle deeper discharges without damage.
This makes the deep-cycle battery type better suited for recreational vehicles, golf carts, and marine vehicles — hence it’s also called a marine battery.
8. Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery
Lithium-ion batteries are the go-to power source for a hybrid or electric vehicle (EV).
Why?
The lithium battery offers higher energy density, faster charging, and significantly weighs less than conventional batteries. The reduced weight translates to better efficiency and longer driving range on a single charge, which is essential for electric car performance.
While a lithium-ion battery pack costs more than lead-acid batteries, it lasts much longer.
Most lithium EV battery manufacturers offer an 8 to 10-year or 100,000-mile warranty. However, you can expect them to last around 12 to 15 years in moderate climates and 8 to 12 years in extreme conditions.
Another bonus?
Lithium-ion battery parts are recyclable, making them a good option for the environmentally conscious.
9. Nickel Metal-Hydride Battery
The NiMH battery (nickel metal-hydride battery) is often used in hybrid vehicles but is also useful in an electric car. This hybrid battery has a longer life cycle than the lithium-ion or lead-acid battery.
However, it has a high self-discharge rate, is expensive, and generates significant heat at high temperatures. That’s why a NiMH battery is better suited for hybrid cars than a fully electric vehicle, which requires more efficient energy storage.
Now that you’re familiar with the car battery types, let’s find your car’s perfect battery match.
How to Choose the Right Battery for Your Vehicle
Choosing the correct battery can get complicated with so many car battery types. Consider the following factors when deciding:
1. Power Consumption
Some vehicles, like SUVs and performance cars, need high-output batteries to support powerful engines and advanced electronics. In contrast, smaller cars with lower power demands can run efficiently on standard lead-acid batteries.
2. Amp Ratings: CCA vs. CA
There are usually two amp (ampere) ratings on a car battery — the Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) and Cranking Amps (CA):
- CA: Cranking Amps measures the number of amps delivered for 30 seconds at 32°F (0°C).
- CCA: Cold Cranking Amps defines how many amps a battery can deliver for 30 seconds at 0°F (-18°C), meaning how well it can start an engine in frigid conditions. The higher the CCA, the better the battery performs in cold weather. Always check the owner’s manual for recommended CCA values.
3. Climate and Driving Conditions
The local climate plays a big role in battery performance:
- In cold climates, choose a battery with high Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) to ensure reliable starts in freezing temperatures.
- In hot climates, AGM and EFB batteries handle heat better than traditional flooded batteries, offering longer life and better durability.
- AGM batteries are especially well-suited for extreme temperature swings, providing reliable performance in hot and cold weather.
4. Group Size
Battery group size refers to the physical dimensions, battery terminal placement, and mounting compatibility. Choosing the wrong group size can lead to poor fit, loose connections, and even damage to the battery or vehicle.
For example, Acura, Honda, Infiniti, Lexus, Nissan, and Toyota use 24/24F, while Audi, BMW, Hyundai, and Mercedes-Benz use 49/H8.
5. Factory Specifications
Always match your battery to your vehicle. If it came with an AGM or lithium-ion battery, stick with the same type, as other options may not charge properly or could damage the system.
However, if your car originally used a flooded lead-acid (SLI or SLA) battery, you can upgrade to an AGM or EFB for better performance. Just note that some newer cars may require battery registration or programming after replacement.
Since you now know how to select the right battery, let’s explore a few quick tips to help you make a smart purchase.
6 Solid Tips for Buying Car Batteries
Here are some ways to get the best out of your battery purchase:
- Check the manufacturing date: Batteries lose power over time, even in storage. Look for a date code and choose one manufactured within the last 3–6 months.
- Recycle the old battery: Lead and acid are harmful to the environment. Recycling is safer, and many stores offer a small rebate or discount for returns.
- Check the battery’s reserve capacity (RC): This indicates how long the battery can run essential systems if the alternator fails. A higher RC can be helpful in emergencies.
- Review the warranty: A label like 32/96 means 32 months of free car battery replacement and up to 96 months of partial reimbursement.
- Buy from a reputable source: Purchase from authorized dealers or well-reviewed retailers to avoid outdated or counterfeit batteries.
- Inspect for damage before buying: Before purchase or installation, look for cracks, corrosion, or leaks in the casing or battery terminal.
Wondering when you should get the new one?
Read on to find out.
How Often Should You Change Your Car Battery?
Most car batteries need to be replaced every 3 to 5 years, while Li-ion batteries can last up to 10 years or more. However, this depends on factors like driving habits, climate, vehicle type, and battery maintenance.
Replacing the battery is just step one. Next, discover how to keep the battery running strong and avoid unexpected breakdowns.
How to Extend the Lifespan of Your Car Battery
Here are a few valuable tips to extend your car’s battery life:
- Drive regularly to keep the battery charged and prevent it from discharging completely.
- Avoid using features like AC, GPS, or radio when the engine is off, as they draw power directly from the battery.
- Park in shaded or covered areas to protect your car from extreme heat or cold, which can shorten battery life.
- Keep the battery clean and free from dirt or corrosion, especially around the battery terminal, to ensure strong electrical connections.
Still got questions about car batteries?
Don’t worry — we’ve got you covered.
3 FAQs on Car Battery
Here are the answers to some car battery-related questions that you may have:
1. How Does a Car Battery Work?
An automotive battery powers your vehicle by converting chemical energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Different types of batteries utilize varying compounds and chemicals to create energy.
For example, in a lead-acid battery, the lead plates have lead dioxide (positive plate) and sponge lead (negative plate). They are submerged in an electrolyte solution made of sulfuric acid and water. When the battery is in use, a chemical reaction occurs between the plates and the electrolyte, generating electricity.
This electrical energy powers the starter motor, which cranks the engine, and supplies power to your car’s electrical systems, like lights, radio, and onboard computers.
2. What Are the Signs of a Bad Battery?
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s time to get a new battery:
- Low battery fluid level
- A lit check engine or battery warning light
- Dim headlights or weak electronics
- Swollen battery case
- Battery leakage
- Corroded terminals
- Burning plastic smell
- Blown fuses
3. When Should I Test My Car Battery?
While not entirely necessary, it’s recommended that your mechanic load-test the battery annually after 2 years (if you live in a warm region) or after four years (if you live in a cold area). Batteries tend to fail faster in hot climates.
The load test will highlight the battery’s ability to hold voltage while being used and let you know if it’s time for a change.
It’s also a good idea to get your battery checked before a long road trip.
Fix Your Car Battery Troubles with AutoNation Mobile Service
Evolving car technologies led to the development of new batteries and battery technology. Each battery type has its own pros and cons, so it’s essential to choose the one that’s best suited for your vehicle.
Facing any battery-related problems?
No worries, AutoNation Mobile Service can fix all your battery issues from your driveway. Our mobile mechanics can also suggest the best battery type for your car and bring the replacement unit to you.
We’re available every day of the week for mobile auto repair and maintenance. Even better, every service and repair comes with a 12-month, 12,000-mile warranty.
Contact us to keep your battery troubles in check.